All other extant ancient domes were either designed with tie-rods, chains and banding or have been retrofitted with such devices to prevent collapse. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (2005). In the third chapel is a 15th-century painting of the Umbrian school, The Madonna of Mercy between St Francis and St John the Baptist. Le temple et la coupole ronde caractéristique actuels ont été construits au deuxième siècle sous lempereur Hadrien, après que la bâtiment ait été endommagé par un grand incendie en 80 A.D.par un énorme incendie et que la foudre déclencha un nouvel incendie en 110. The interior of the dome was possibly intended to symbolize the arched vault of the heavens. [2], The building is cylindrical with a portico of large granite Corinthian columns (eight in the first rank and two groups of four behind) under a pediment. During storms, a drainage system below the floor handles the rain that falls through the oculus. [25], The Augustan Pantheon was destroyed along with other buildings in a huge fire in the year 80 AD. Among those buried there are the painters Raphael and Annibale Carracci, the composer Arcangelo Corelli, and the architect Baldassare Peruzzi. Cassius Dio, a Graeco-Roman senator, consul and author of a comprehensive History of Rome, writing approximately 75 years after the Pantheon's reconstruction, mistakenly attributed the domed building to Agrippa rather than Hadrian. The Pantheon (UK: / ˈ p æ n θ i ə n /, US: /-ɒ n /; Latin: Pantheum, from Greek Πάνθειον Pantheion, "[temple] of all the gods") is a former Roman temple, now a Catholic church (Basilica di Santa Maria ad Martyres or Basilica of St. Mary and the Martyrs), in Rome, Italy, on the site of an earlier temple commissioned by Marcus Agrippa during the reign of Augustus (27 BC – 14 AD). Langue; Suivre; Modifier; Fichier; Historique du fichier; Utilisation du fichier; Usage global du fichier; Métadonnées; Taille de cet aperçu : 800 × 519 pixels. Each zone of the interior, from floor to ceiling, is subdivided according to a different scheme. Un panthéon est l'ensemble des dieux d'une mythologie : par exemple, le panthéon gréco-romain.Ce mot vient du grec : pan (« tous ») et théos (« dieu »), et signifie donc « tous les dieux ». Celui des Égyptiens nous est également assez bien connu (le panthéon égyptien doit être considéré spirituellement différent par rapport à ceux de la Grèce et de Rome[réf. 0 Panthéon - Piazza della Rotonda - Rome 2.JPG 3,788 × 2,526; 7.63 MB The oculus at the top of the dome was never covered, allowing rainfall through the ceiling and onto the floor. Die plein buite die Panteon dra dieselfde naam - Piazza della Rotonda. Alternatively, it has also been argued that the scale of the portico related to the urban design of the space in front of the temple. Le Panthéon est un temple que les Grecs et les Romains consacraient à certains de leurs dieux, par exemple le Panthéon de Rome, dédié à tous les dieux. Giuseppe Sacconi participated, but lost – he would later design the tomb of Umberto I in the opposite chapel. Place du Panthéon, a square in Paris; Pantheon, London, an 18th-century place of entertainment; Pantheon of National Revival Heroes, a Bulgarian national monument and ossuary; Pantheon, Moscow, a planned but uncompleted memorial … An ionic frieze runs around its exterior walls. Its date of construction is uncertain, because Hadrian chose not to inscribe the new temple but rather to retain the inscription of Agrippa's older temple, which had burned … traveldigg.com. [5], The pediment was decorated with relief sculpture, probably of gilded bronze. A competition was held to decide which architect should design it. [5] The square in front of the Pantheon is called Piazza della Rotonda. It had long been thought that the current building was built by Agrippa, with later alterations undertaken, and this was in part because of the Latin inscription on the front of the temple[19] which reads: or in full, "M[arcus] Agrippa L[ucii] f[ilius] co[n]s[ul] tertium fecit," meaning "Marcus Agrippa, son of Lucius, made [this building] when consul for the third time. Pantheon in Rome: The History Behind Its Perfect Ancient Architecture. On 23 July 1725, the Pantheon was established as Cardinal-deaconry of S. Maria ad Martyres, i.e. English: An image of Pantheon in Rome, Italy. This refers to the confraternity of artists and musicians that was formed here by a 16th-century Canon of the church, Desiderio da Segni, to ensure that worship was maintained in the chapel. The present high altars and the apses were commissioned by Pope Clement XI (1700–1721) and designed by Alessandro Specchi. Umberto was buried in the Pantheon in Rome, by the side of his father Victor Emmanuel II, on 9 August 1900. En grec ancien, πᾶν (pãn) signifie « tout » et θεός (theos), « dieu ». In the walls at the back of the Pantheon's portico are two huge niches, perhaps intended for statues of Augustus Caesar and Agrippa. The top of the rotunda wall features a series of brick relieving arches, visible on the outside and built into the mass of the brickwork. [9] In fact, the concept of a pantheon dedicated to all the gods is questionable. The Pantheon is a circular building with a portico supported granite Corinthian columns. The Historia Augusta says that Hadrian dedicated the Pantheon (among other buildings) in the name of the original builder (Hadr. They also organize picket guards at the tombs. In the early 17th century, Urban VIII Barberini tore away the bronze ceiling of the portico, and replaced the medieval campanile with the famous twin towers (often wrongly attributed to Bernini[37]) called "the ass's ears",[38] which were not removed until the late 19th century. Lexington books, Toronto, 2007, harvnb error: no target: CITEREFCinti2007 (, harvnb error: no target: CITEREFWilson-Jones2000 (, harvnb error: no target: CITEREFRoss2000 (, Ministry of Cultural Heritage and Activities and Tourism, M[arcus] Aurelius Antoninus Pius Felix Aug[ustus], S. Apollinare alle Terme Neroniane-Alessandrine, National Institute of Honour Guards to the Royal Tombs, List of the oldest buildings in the world, "Nuova guida metodica di Roma e suoi contorni – Parte Terza ("New methodic guide to Rome and its suburbs – Third Part")", Another view of the interior by Panini (1735), Liechtenstein Museum, Vienna, "Pantheon, The ruins and excavations of ancient Rome", http://www.romanconcrete.com/docs/chapt01/chapt01.htm, "Hooping as an Ancient Remedy for Conservation of Large Masonry Domes", Official webpage from Vicariate of Rome website, Tomás García Salgado, "The geometry of the Pantheon's vault", Panoramic Virtual Tour inside the Pantheon, Roman Catholic ecclesiastical province of Rome, Boncompagni Ludovisi Decorative Art Museum, Museo Storico Nazionale dell'Arte Sanitaria, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pantheon,_Rome&oldid=992354073, 2nd-century religious buildings and structures, Ancient Roman buildings and structures in Rome, Conversion of non-Christian religious buildings and structures into churches, Buildings converted to Catholic church buildings, Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2016, Articles containing Italian-language text, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, High-resolution 360° Panoramas and Images of, This page was last edited on 4 December 2020, at 20:44. English: The main altar of the church Sancta Maria ad Martyres (the Pantheon), in Rome, Italy. Because of this, the interior floor is equipped with drains and has been built with an incline of about 30 centimetres (12 in) to promote water run off.[62][63]. [51] The materials used in the concrete of the dome also vary. Since the Renaissance the Pantheon has been the site of several important burials. Even by the year 200, there was uncertainty about the origin of the building and its purpose: Agrippa finished the construction of the building called the Pantheon. Pantheon, The Ancient Roman Building - Traveldigg.com. The bust is a portrait of Cardinal Agostino Rivarola. 1676 x 1200 jpeg 773kB. Le Panthéon est un temple que les Grecs et les Romains consacraient à certains de leurs dieux, par exemple le Panthéon de Rome, dédié à tous les dieux. Fichier:Pantheon panorama, Rome - 5.jpg. In the Imperial period, it expressed the invincibility of deities embraced officially, such as Jupiter, Mars, Hercules, and Sol. [16] The former would help explain how the building could have so easily lost its original name and purpose (Ziolkowski contends that it was originally the Temple of Mars in Campo)[17] in such a relatively short period of time.[18]. It is also known as the Madonna of the Railing, because it originally hung in the niche on the left-hand side of the portico, where it was protected by a railing. Pantheon (Grieks: πάς pas = elke / θεός theos = god) betekent '(gewijd aan) alle goden’. He was the last Savoy to be buried there, as his son and successor Victor Emmanuel III died in exile and was buried in Egypt until his remains were transferred to Vicoforte near Cuneo in 2017. The Panthéon (French: [pɑ̃.te.ɔ̃], from the Classical Greek word πάνθειον, pántheion, ('temple to all the gods') is a monument in the 5th arrondissement of Paris, France.It is located in the area known as the Latin Quarter, standing atop the Montagne Sainte-Geneviève, at the center of the Place du Panthéon which was named after it. As a result of excavations in the late 19th century, archaeologist Rodolfo Lanciani concluded that Agrippa's Pantheon was oriented so that it faced south, in contrast with the current layout that faces north, and that it had a shortened T-shaped plan with the entrance at the base of the "T". The first members were, among others, Antonio da Sangallo the younger, Jacopo Meneghino, Giovanni Mangone, Zuccari, Domenico Beccafumi, and Flaminio Vacca. Pantheon Rome … On 26 May 1929, this deaconry was suppressed to establish the Cardinal Deaconry of S. Apollinare alle Terme Neroniane-Alessandrine. The building standing today was constructed on the same site around 126 CE. The Hague, Netherlands: Martinus Nijhof (1973). On the right wall is the Incredulity of St Thomas (1633) by Pietro Paolo Bonzi. As a result, the interior decorative zones do not line up. On the first niche to the left of the entrance is an Assumption (1638) by Andrea Camassei. "[12], Since the French Revolution, when the church of Sainte-Geneviève in Paris was deconsecrated and turned into the secular monument called the Panthéon of Paris, the generic term pantheon has sometimes been applied to other buildings in which illustrious dead are honoured or buried. Pantheon The Pantheon ( / ˈ p æ n θ i ə n / or US / ˈ p æ n θ i ɒ n / ; [1] Latin : Pantheon , [nb 1] from Greek Πάνθειον Pantheion meaning "[temple] of every god") is a former Roman temple , now a church, in Rome , Italy, on the site of an earlier temple commissioned by Marcus Agrippa during the … There, they were transferred back onto barges and pulled up the Tiber River to Rome. Het is een herbouw van een eerder pantheon op deze plaats dat in 80 door brand werd verwoest. The present design is by Giuseppe Sacconi, completed after his death by his pupil Guido Cirilli. The overall effect is immediate viewer orientation according to the major axis of the building, even though the cylindrical space topped by a hemispherical dome is inherently ambiguous. Revenir à la page « Panthéon (Rome) ». It was originally dedicated to the Holy Spirit. [69], The dome photographed with a fisheye lens in 2016, South east view of the Pantheon from Piazza della Minerva, 2006, The dome of the Pantheon seen from the hill of Janiculum, Tomb of King Victor Emmanuel II, "Father of his Country", As the best-preserved example of an Ancient Roman monumental building, the Pantheon has been enormously influential in Western architecture from at least the Renaissance on;[70] starting with Brunelleschi's 42-metre (138 ft) dome of Santa Maria del Fiore in Florence, completed in 1436. Two kings of Italy are buried in the Pantheon: Vittorio Emanuele II and Umberto I, as well as Umberto's Queen, Margherita. In the second chapel is the tomb of King Victor Emmanuel II (died 1878). Much fine external marble has been removed over the centuries – for example, capitals from some of the pilasters are in the British Museum. Le mot « panthéon » peut désigner trois notions différentes : . Its Roman concrete dome is 4535 metric tons. [74], The portico-and-dome form of the Pantheon can be detected in many buildings of the 19th and 20th centuries; numerous government and public buildings, city halls, university buildings, and public libraries echo its structure. Almost two thousand years after it was built, the Pantheon's dome is still the world's largest unreinforced concrete dome. [27] How the building was actually used is not known. [45] The grey granite columns that were actually used in the Pantheon's pronaos were quarried in Egypt at Mons Claudianus in the eastern mountains. In the early decades of the 20th century, a piece of the original, as could be reconstructed from Renaissance drawings and paintings, was recreated in one of the panels. Holes marking the location of clamps that held the sculpture suggest that its design was likely an eagle within a wreath; ribbons extended from the wreath into the corners of the pediment.[42]. The Pantheon: Design, Meaning, and Progeny. On the altar is a statue of St Joseph and the Holy Child by Vincenzo de' Rossi. "[22], The only passages referring to the decoration of the Agrippan Pantheon written by an eyewitness are in Pliny the Elder's Natural History. The institution still exists, and is now called the Academia Ponteficia di Belle Arti (The Pontifical Academy of Fine Arts), based in the palace of the Cancelleria. The tomb consists of a large bronze plaque surmounted by a Roman eagle and the arms of the house of Savoy. [67], Circles and squares form the unifying theme of the interior design. La dernière modification de cette page a été faite le 23 novembre 2020 à 17:19. Mark and Hutchison estimated that, if normal weight concrete had been used throughout, the stresses in the arch would have been some 80% greater. The frieze has allegorical representations of Generosity, by Eugenio Maccagnani, and Munificence, by Arnaldo Zocchi. Cet usage fut initié en 1520 : le peintre Raphaël repose au Panthéon de Rome, exemple qui fut suivi au Panthéon de Paris et en d'autres lieux. www.thoughtco.com. The Pantheon is the best preserved of all Roman buildings. The first chapel on the left, is the Chapel of St Joseph in the Holy Land, and is the chapel of the Confraternity of the Virtuosi at the Pantheon.